Modals probability

 Modals of probability are modal verbs that express how certain or uncertain we are about something. They show the degree of certainty about a situation — whether it's definitely true, probably true, possibly true, or impossible.


These modals suggest that something is very likely or almost sure.

  • must

  • can’t / cannot (used for negative certainty)

Examples:

  • She must be tired. She’s been working all day.
    → (I'm almost sure she’s tired.)

  • He can’t be at home. I saw him leave an hour ago.
    → (I'm almost sure he's not at home.)


These modals suggest something is probable, but not 100% sure.

  • should

  • ought to

Examples:

  • They should arrive soon. The train left on time.
    → (It’s likely they’ll be here soon.)

  • This book ought to be interesting. It has good reviews.
    → (I believe it’s probably interesting.)


These express something that’s just a possibility.

  • may

  • might

  • could

Examples:

  • She might come to the party, but she’s not sure.
    → (There’s a chance she will.)

  • It could rain later, so take an umbrella.
    → (Maybe it will rain.)

  • He may be the new teacher. I heard some rumors.
    → (It’s possible.)

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