Conditionals

 Conditionals are sentences that describe a situation and its possible result. They often use the word "if". The basic structure is:

If + condition, result.

There are 4 main types of conditionals in English:


1. Zero Conditional

🔹 Use: To talk about general truths or scientific facts.
🔹 Structure:
If + present simple, present simple

Examples:

  • If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.

  • If it rains, the ground gets wet.


2. First Conditional

🔹 Use: To talk about a real possibility in the future.
🔹 Structure:
If + present simple, will + base verb

Examples:

  • If I study, I will pass the exam.

  • If it rains tomorrow, we will stay inside.


3. Second Conditional

🔹 Use: To talk about an unreal or unlikely situation in the present or future.
🔹 Structure:
If + past simple, would + base verb

Examples:

  • If I won the lottery, I would travel the world.

  • If she had more time, she would learn guitar.


4. Third Conditional

🔹 Use: To talk about a past situation that didn’t happen (imaginary past).
🔹 Structure:
If + past perfect, would have + past participle

Examples:

  • If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

  • If they had left earlier, they wouldn’t have missed the train.

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